Alcohol and Dextrose Prescribing Information

Package insert / product label
Generic name: Alcohol and Dextrose monohydrate
Dosage form: injection, USP
Drug class: Miscellaneous uncategorized agents

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Sep 21, 2022.

Alcohol and Dextrose Description

Each 100 mL of 5% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose Injection USP contains:
Alcohol USP 5 mL; Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g
Water for Injection USP qs

pH: 5.0 (3.5–6.5); Calories per liter: 450
Calculated Osmolarity: 1125 mOsmol/liter, hypertonic

Each 100 mL of 10% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose Injection USP contains: Alcohol USP 10 mL; Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g
Water for Injection USP qs

pH: 4.6 (3.5–6.5); Calories per liter: 720
Calculated Osmolarity: 1995 mOsmol/liter, strongly hypertonic

These intravenous solutions are sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic and contain no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.

The formulas of the active ingredients are:

Ingredients	Molecular Formula	Molecular Weight
Alcohol USP	CH3CH2OH	46.07
Hydrous Dextrose USP		198.17

Alcohol and Dextrose - Clinical Pharmacology

Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP are an intravenous source of calories. In the average adult, pure ethyl alcohol is metabolized at a rate of 10 to 20 mL per hour. Sedative effects of alcohol occur if the rate of infusion exceeds the rate of metabolism. Dextrose (D-glucose) can be infused at a maximum rate of approximately 0.5 to 0.85 g/kg of body weight/hr without producing significant glycosuria. Thus, the maximum rate that alcohol can be infused without producing sedative effects is well below the maximum rate of utilization of dextrose.

Alcohol is metabolized, mostly in the liver, to acetaldehyde or acetate. The rate of oxidation is a linear function of time. Starvation lowers the rate of metabolism and insulin increases the rate.

Indications and Usage for Alcohol and Dextrose

Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP are indicated for increasing caloric intake.

Contraindications

Alcohol should not be used in patients with epilepsy, urinary tract infection, or diabetic coma.

Alcohol is contraindicated in patients who have been addicted to it.

Do not give subcutaneously and avoid extravasation during intravenous administration.

Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.

Warnings

Alcohol should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients with liver impairment, in the presence of shock, following cranial surgery, in actual or anticipated postpartum hemorrhage, or in the presence of significant renal impairment.

Alcohol decreases blood sugar in diabetic patients. In the untreated diabetic, the rate of alcohol metabolism is slowed.

As a nutrient, alcohol supplies only calories. Given alone, it may cause or potentiate vitamin deficiencies and certain liver alterations.

Alcohol crosses the placenta rapidly and enters the fetal circulation. It may also be found in the milk of lactating women. The use of these solutions in pregnancy should be carefully considered.

Precautions

General

Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP should be administered slowly, and the patient observed for restlessness or narcosis.

The half lives of phenytoin, warfarin and tolbutamide may be shortened 50% to 75% by concurrent administration of alcohol. Alcohol increases serum uric acid and can precipitate acute gout.

The vasodilating effect of alcohol may potentiate postural hypotension, particularly in association with some antihypertensive drugs.

If the administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may result.

To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration, and periodically during administration.

Use only if solution is clear and vacuum is present.

Usage in Pregnancy

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP. It is also not known whether Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.

Adverse Reactions

Alcoholic intoxication may occur with too rapid infusion. Vertigo, flushing, disorientation (especially in elderly patients), or sedation may also occur. An alcoholic odor may be noted in the breath. Generally, these effects can be avoided by slowing the rate of infusion.

Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and, rarely, vein irritation. Use of the largest available peripheral vein and a well-placed, small bore needle is recommended.

Overdosage

In the event of fluid overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient''s condition, and institute appropriate corrective treatment.

Alcohol and Dextrose Dosage and Administration

Alcohol and Dextrose Injections USP are administered by intravenous infusion only. Total dosage and rate of infusion depend on the patient''s response and tolerance. The average adult can metabolize approximately 10 mL of pure alcohol per hour, equivalent to the alcohol contained in 200 mL of a 5% solution or 100 mL of a 10% solution. The usual adult dosage is 1 to 2 liters and rarely exceeds 3 liters of a 5% solution in a 24-hour period. Children may be given 40 mL per kg per 24 hours or from 350 mL to 1000 mL depending on size and clinical response.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

How is Alcohol and Dextrose Supplied

These solutions are supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in single dose glass containers packaged 6 per case.

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.

Rx only

Revised: June 1999

Directions for Use of B. Braun Glass Containers

Before use, perform the following checks:

1. Inspect each container. Read the label. Ensure solution is the one ordered and is within the expiration date. Check the security of bail and band.
2. Invert container and carefully inspect the solution in good light for cloudiness, haze, or particulate matter; check the bottle for cracks or other damage. In checking for cracks, do not be confused by normal surface marks and seams on bottom and sides of bottle. These are not flaws. Look for bright reflections that have depth and penetrate into the wall of the bottle. Reject any such bottle.
3. To remove the outer closure, lift the tear tab and pull up, over, and down until it is below the stopper (See Figure 1). Use a circular pulling motion on the tab until it breaks away.
   
4. Grasp and remove the metal disk, exercising caution not to touch the sterile latex disk underneath.
5. With the sterile latex disk exposed, check for vacuum by confirming the presence of depressions in the latex disk, which should be held tightly over stopper (See Figure 2). If the latex disk is puffed or depressions cannot be seen, the vacuum has dissipated and the bottle should be rejected. The sterile latex disk provides a surface for aseptic medication addition prior to administration.
   
   
   Note: When vacuum is essential for the use of the product (medication addition or transfer, etc.) the latex disk should be left in place until all additions or transfers are completed.
   Medication addition or transfers should be made immediately after exposing the sterile latex disk. Identify three depressions in the latex disk prior to adding medication: a triangular medication site, one large round outlet port, and one small air-inletting port (See Figures 2 and 3).
   

6. Before removing the latex disk, add medication through the triangular () medication site (See Figure 4). The vacuum in the container will automatically draw the contents of a syringe or spiked vial into the container. Each addition/transfer will reduce the vacuum remaining in the bottle.

   
   

   Warning: Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly.
   Do not store.

7. Remove the latex disk prior to inserting administration set. To remove the latex disk, grasp the lip of the disk, lift and pull up and away (See Figure 5). As the disk is lifted, and if no additions have been made, vacuum can be confirmed by an audible hiss.
   
8. Refer to Directions for Use of the set being used. Insert the set spike into the large round outlet port of the stopper and hang container.
9. After admixture and during administration, reinspect the solution frequently. If any evidence of solution contamination or instability is found or if the patient exhibits any signs of fever, chills or other reactions not readily explainable, discontinue administration immediately and notify the physician.
10. When adding medication to the container during administration, swab the triangular medication site, inject medication and mix thoroughly by gentle agitation.

B. Braun Medical Inc.
Irvine, CA USA 92614-5895

In Canada, distributed by:
B. Braun Medical Inc.
Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4

©1999 B. Braun Medical Inc.

Y36-002-423

Frequently asked questions

• Can you drink alcohol while taking Invega Sustenna?

Medical Disclaimer

Alcohol in Dextrose Prescribing Information

Package insert / product label
Dosage form: injection, USP
Drug class: Miscellaneous uncategorized agents

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 21, 2022.

Rx only

Alcohol in Dextrose Description

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of ethyl alcohol and dextrose in water for injection, intended for intravenous administration.

Each 100 mL contains dehydrated alcohol 5 mL and dextrose, hydrous 5 g in water for injection; osmolar concentration 1104 mOsmol/liter (calc.); pH 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5). The solution provides a total of 450 calories/liter (alcohol 280; dextrose 170).*

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose is a parenteral fluid and nutrient replenisher.

Dehydrated Alcohol, USP is chemically designated as ethanol or ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH), a clear, colorless, mobile, volatile liquid miscible with water.

Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6• H2O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula:

Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H2O.

Alcohol in Dextrose - Clinical Pharmacology

Intravenously administered 5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP provides a source of water and carbohydrate calories. In the average adult, pure ethyl alcohol is metabolized at a rate of approximately 10 to 20 mL per hour, depending on body weight and tolerance of the individual. (This is equivalent to an intravenous rate of infusion of 200 to 400 mL per hour of a 5% alcohol solution). Sedative effects of alcohol occur if the rate of infusion exceeds the rate of metabolism. Dextrose can be infused at a maximum rate of 0.5 g/kg of body weight/hr without producing glycosuria (equivalent to 700 mL of a 5% dextrose solution for a 70 kg adult). Thus, the maximum rate that alcohol can be infused without producing sedative effects is well below the maximum rate of utilization of dextrose.

Solutions containing carbohydrate in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose levels and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.

Alcohol is metabolized, mostly in the liver, to acetaldehyde or acetate. The rate of oxidation is a linear function of time. Starvation lowers the rate of metabolism and insulin increases the rate.

Dextrose injected parenterally undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

* Caloric value based on 5.6 calories/mL of alcohol and 3.4 calories/g of dextrose (International Critical Tables, V, p. 166, 1929).

Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirements range from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production).

Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments and sodium ion (Na+) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.

Indications and Usage for Alcohol in Dextrose

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is indicated for parenteral replenishment of fluid and carbohydrate calories, especially to increase caloric intake in patients whose oral intake is restricted or inadequate to maintain nutritional requirements.

Contraindications

Alcohol should not be used in patients with epilepsy or urinary tract infection. 5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is contraindicated in diabetic coma.

Alcohol is contraindicated in patients who have been addicted to it.

Do not give subcutaneously and avoid extravasation during intravenous administration.

Warnings

Alcohol should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients with liver impairment, in the presence of shock, following cranial surgery, in actual or anticipated postpartum hemorrhage or in the presence of significant renal impairment.

Alcohol will decrease blood sugar in diabetic patients. In the untreated diabetic the rate of alcohol metabolism will be slowed.

As a nutrient, alcohol supplies only calories. Given alone, it may cause or potentiate vitamin deficiencies and disturbances of liver function.

Alcohol crosses the placenta rapidly and enters the fetal circulation. It may also be found in the milk of lactating women. The use of this preparation in pregnancy should be carefully deliberated.

The intravenous administration of this solution can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.

Precautions

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP should be administered slowly, and the patient observed for restlessness or narcosis.

The half-lives of diphenylhydantoin, warfarin and tolbutamide may be shortened by 50 to 75% by concurrent administration of alcohol.

Alcohol increases serum uric acid and can precipitate acute gout.

The vasodilating effect may potentiate postural hypotension, particularly in association with some antihypertensive drugs.

Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.

Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus.

Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.

Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with alcohol or dextrose. It is also not known whether alcohol or dextrose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Alcohol and dextrose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. See WARNINGS.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of 5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP have not been established. Its limited use in pediatric patients has been inadequate to fully define proper dosage and limitations for use.

Drug Interactions

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

Adverse Reactions

Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.

Alcoholic intoxication may occur with too rapid infusion. Vertigo, flushing, disorientation (especially in elderly patients), or sedation may also occur. An alcoholic odor may be noted on the breath. Generally, these effects can be avoided by slowing the rate of infusion.

Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and rarely, excessive vein irritation. Use of the largest available peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

Drug Abuse and Dependence

Abuse of ingested alcohol is well known, including alcohol dependence due to addiction. Abuse of parenterally administered alcohol is not known or considered to pose a potential problem of dependence or addiction.

Overdosage

In the event of alcoholic intoxication or sedation, the infusion should be slowed or temporarily discontinued. If overhydration or solute overload occurs, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Alcohol in Dextrose Dosage and Administration

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP should be administered by slow intravenous infusion. Administration of 200 mL per hour will produce a blood level of less than 0.08 g of alcohol per 100 mL of blood. A normal adult can metabolize 10 mL of alcohol per hour (equivalent to 200 mL of a 5% alcohol solution).

The adult dosage ranges from 1 to 2 liters/day (24 hours) as determined by the needs of the patient. The average adult daily fluid requirement of 3 liters/day should be provided by other suitable solutions to meet daily maintenance requirements for electrolytes.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

How is Alcohol in Dextrose Supplied

5% Alcohol in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in a single-dose 1000 mL glass container (List No. 1500).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

Frequently asked questions

• Can you drink alcohol while taking Invega Sustenna?

Medical Disclaimer