Illness name: ankylosing spondylitis
Description:
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body become inflamed.
It's a type of axial spondyloarthritis. In AS changes to the spine can be seen on an X-ray.
There is a similar condition called non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, where changes to the spine cannot be seen on an X-ray, but can sometimes be seen on an MRI scan.
This information is about AS. The symptoms and treatment are similar if you have non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
AS and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis tend to first develop in teenagers and young adults.
The symptoms of AS can vary, but usually involve:
These symptoms tend to develop gradually, usually over several months or years, and may come and go over time.
In some people the condition gets better with time, but for others it can get slowly worse.
Read about
symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
.
You should see your GP if you have persistent symptoms of AS.
If your GP thinks you may have the condition, they should refer you to a specialist in conditions affecting muscles and joints (rheumatologist) for further tests and any necessary treatment.
Further tests may include blood tests and imaging tests.
Read about
diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis
.
It's not known what causes the condition, but there's thought to be a link with a particular gene variant known as HLA-B27.
Read about the
causes of ankylosing spondylitis
.
There's no cure for AS and it's not possible to reverse the damage caused by the condition. However, treatment is available to relieve the symptoms and help delay its progression.
In most cases treatment involves a combination of:
Surgery is sometimes needed to repair significantly damaged joints or correct severe bends in the spine, but this is uncommon.
Read about
treating ankylosing spondylitis
.
The outlook for AS is highly variable. For some people the condition improves after an initial period of inflammation, whereas for others it can get progressively worse over time.
Some people with AS are able to remain fully independent or minimally disabled in the long term.
However, some people eventually become severely disabled as a result of the bones in their spine fusing in a fixed position and damage to other joints, such as the hips or knees.
With modern treatments, AS does not normally affect life expectancy significantly, although the condition is associated with an increased risk of other potentially life-threatening problems.
For example, AS can lead to:
Read about the
complications of ankylosing spondylitis
.
The National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society
(NASS) has information on living with the condition, including advice on working, travelling and driving.
In this video, a physiotherapist shows some simple back stretches to help prevent aches and pains.
The exercises in this video are suitable for most people. They are general exercises only and are not aimed at treating any specific cause of pain or condition.
Get advice from a GP or health professional before trying it, especially if:
Stop the exercise immediately and get medical help if you feel any pain or feel unwell.
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Page last reviewed: 05 January 2023
Overview
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Ankylosing spondylitis
Symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
When to seek medical advice
Causes of ankylosing spondylitis
Treating ankylosing spondylitis
Complications of ankylosing spondylitis
Living with AS
Video: back stretches
Media review due: 16 November 2023
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